2.2. Preparation of fungal crude extract

Two strains of F. solani from FORDA (Santoso et al., 2011) isolated from Gorontalo (strain GSL1) and Jambi (strain GSL2) provinces were inoculated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 28 °C for 3 d. Approximately 1 cm² of mycelial plugs were cut and transferred into 100 mL potato dextrose broth and incubated on a rotary shaker (100 rpm) at 28 °C for 3 weeks based on trial test of inoculant production from FORDA (Santoso et al., 2011). Fully grown mycelia were harvested on Whatman filter paper No. 1 and washed twice with sterile distilled water. Mycelia were subsequently freeze dried, grinded with liquid nitrogen, and autoclaved at 121 °C for 20 min before use (Jayaraman and Mohamed, 2015).