The inverse variance random-effects model for meta-analyses [53,54] was used to allocate a proportionate weight to trials based on the size of their individual standard errors [55], and accounting for heterogeneity across studies [56]. The ESs were presented alongside 95% CIs and interpreted using the following thresholds [57]: <0.2, trivial; 0.2–0.6, small; >0.6–1.2, moderate; >1.2–2.0, large; >2.0–4.0, very large; >4.0, extremely large. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic, with values of <25%, 25–75%, and >75% considered to represent low, moderate, and high levels of heterogeneity, respectively [58]. Data used for meta-analysis is available in a supplementary Excel file.
Do you have any questions about this protocol?
Post your question to gather feedback from the community. We will also invite the authors of this article to respond.
Tips for asking effective questions
+ Description
Write a detailed description. Include all information that will help others answer your question including experimental processes, conditions, and relevant images.