2.4. Criteria of Metabolic Risk Factors

The insulin resistance is determined using the homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The HOMA-IR criteria for children and adolescents determined the insulin resistance criterion (HOMA-IR ≥ 2.6) using a range that increases the risk of cardiovascular risk [19] and it was calculated by insulin and fasting blood glucose. The metabolic syndrome is defined by criteria from cardiovascular disease risk factor clustering (CVD-RFC) in children and adolescents [20,21,22]. According to the CVD-RFC, metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents is present if two or more of the following factors must be met. Abdominal obesity was defined as WC (cm) ≥ 90th percentile value of age and sex according to the 2007 Korean National Growth Charts, TG ≥ 110 mg/dL, HDL-C < 40 mg/dL, SBP or DBP (mmHg) ≥ 90th percentile value of age and sex according to the 2007 Korean National Growth Charts, FBG ≥ 100 mg/dL.