A PS model with three mutually exclusive health states was developed to estimate the costs and outcomes of the first-line treatment of patients with extensive-stage SCLC in Microsoft Excel (Figure 1). The proportion of patients in the postprogression (PP) state in each cycle was calculated as the difference between OS and PFS based on data from the IMpower133 trial. Each cycle lasted 3 weeks, which was consistent with the IMpower133 trial. A lifetime horizon (2.5 years) was chosen, and ≥95% of patients in the control group died. We examined the following outcomes: quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), life-years gained (LYGs), and costs. All of them were discounted by 3%. The US payer perspective was taken; therefore, only the direct medical care costs were included.
Model structure.
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