To stimulate the effects of moisture and temperature conditions in the oral cavity, the specimens were kept in distilled water at 37oC for 24 hours after bonding. Debonding was then performed with a shearing force using a Universal Testing Machine (Mod Dental, Esetron, Turkey) at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min to the bracket base at the wings in an occlusogingival direction, until bonding failure occurred. Maximum loads for debonding strength were assessed in newtons (N) and bond strengths were converted to MPa by dividing measured values by the bracket base area (10.87 mm2) (8,12).
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