2.9. Cell proliferation assay

Cell proliferation Assay was tested using the CCK8 Assay. All processes were according to the manufacture's protocol (Beyotime). The assessment of cell viability was performed by BeyoClick EdU Cell Proliferation Kit with Alexa Fluor 488 (Beyotime). 100 μmol/L EdU solution was added to the culture medium, and cells were cultured for 2 hours. Hoechst 33342 was used for nuclear staining according to the manufacturer's instructions. Cells showing both green and blue stains were identified as EdU‐positive cells. All cells were examined by flow cytometry.