This study was conducted on people who participated in the 2016 KCHS. A total of 228,452 individuals (103,048 men and 125,404 women) aged 19 years or older were investigated in the 2016 KCHS. Among them, 103,048 men were included and analyzed in this study. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital (IRB No. 2020–01–016-001). The requirement for informed consent was waived because the data in this database were de-identified.
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