Metabolite extraction was conducted as previously described (Tohge and Fernie, 2010). About 15 mg of frozen sample was weighed. Extraction buffer i.e., 80% methanol (5 μg/ml isovitexin as an internal standard) was added at a ratio of 1 mg F.W. sample powder: 10 μl extraction buffer. The mixture was vortexed to mix thoroughly and centrifuged at 14,000 rpm at 4°C for 10 min, then supernatant was transferred into new 1.5 ml tube and centrifuged once more, the final obtained supernatant was transferred into vials for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA).
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