SWAT-CUP

SWAT-CUP, a standalone SWAT calibration procedure [13], was used to compare the results of SWAT-SVR streamflow prediction. Parameters sensitivity analysis was conducted by the all-at-a-time approach with 1000 SWAT-CUP simulations. SUFI2 was employed into sensitivity analysis, calibration and validation to seek an optimized parameter set due to the high effectiveness of this algorithm [53]. SWAT and SWAT-CUP were run for all stations at one time with three iterations during the wet and dry seasons. After the first two iterations with 250 simulations for each iteration, parameter ranges were narrowed down by considering both the physical limitations of parameters and suggested ranges from the calibration. We applied the calibrated parameter ranges, and independent data from the station left out to conduct another iteration with 250 simulations for validation. The procedures of calibration and validation followed the guidelines of Moriasi et al. [54]. Fig 5 demonstrates a research flowchart describing the methodology used in this study.