2.3.2. 6-Item European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q6)

The HLS-EU-Q6 represents the short-short form of the 47-item questionnaire for the assessment of general HL, which was used in the European survey led in eight countries in 2015 [53,54]. It was developed considering the Sorensen’s conceptual model of HL [3] and was recently validated in Italian context [50,51]. Scores for the instrument were calculated on the basis of a four-point Likert scale for each of the six items (from 1 for “very difficult”, to 4 for “very easy”). The final score ranges from 1 to 4 and represents the mean calculated if at least five of the six items have been completed. According to the final score, three possible levels of HL have been defined: inadequate HL (1–2); problematic HL (2–3); sufficient HL (3–4).