The Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation, Second Edition (GFTA-2 [36]) Sounds in Words (SiW) subtest was used to establish the convergent validity of the ELS intelligibility variable. This subtest is designed to evaluate an individual’s articulation skill when labeling single words. During administration, the examiner presents a picture stimulus for the individual to label and scores the production of target consonant and consonant cluster sounds as correct or incorrect. All SiW samples were audio-recorded and scored by the lead site. The percent of correct consonant/consonant clusters produced was used in the present analyses.
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