Cognitive ability was assessed using the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition (SB-5 [32]). This measure yields a number of different variables including abbreviated IQ, full scale IQ, nonverbal IQ, and verbal IQ scores, among others. Mean IQ for all these variables is 100 in the norming sample, with a standard deviation of 15. Due to the significant floor effects observed when utilizing the SB-5 with individuals with intellectual disabilities, we utilized the deviation IQ scores developed by Sansone et al. [33], which provides a z-score transformation based on the general population norms. Deviation IQ scores for Abbreviated IQ were utilized in the present analyses. In addition, performance on this measure was used to confirm the presence of ID in all participants within the present study. Data were missing for 3 participants (2 due to examiner error, 1 due to participant distress).
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