Early apoptotic cells were detected using the Annexin V-PI Apoptosis Kit (Beckman Coulter, San Diego, CA, USA). Cells were incubated with sTR, FA1FT, HA5FT or HA5ST for 6 h and washed with PBS. The cells were then resuspended in binding buffer, stained with Annexin V (0.6 mg/ml) and propidium iodide (PI, 5 mg/ml) for 15 min in the dark at room temperature and analyzed by two-color flow cytometry (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA). Data were analyzed using Cell Quest software. Annexin V-FITC fluorescence was detected in FL-1, and PI was detected in FL-3.
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