This prospective study was approved by the local institutional review board of the University of Cologne and registered in the German Clinical Trials Registry (DRKS00011152) on the 02/07/2018. Informed consent was obtained from all study participants and all procedures were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines. Participants and corresponding imaging data were acquired from December 2016 until August 2018. Participants needed to be recreationally active, between 18 and 40 years old and without any known neurological disorder, cardiovascular disease, or sport-related injuries at the time of the study (Fig. 1). Dividing the subjects in terms of running speed was based on the previously described correlation between load intensity and muscle activation19–21. The 10 km/h were chosen in order to obtain two groups as equal as possible.
Flow diagram for study participants with exercise protocol and subgroup analysis.
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