2.2. Nanoemulsion Preparation

Curcumin-loaded NEs were prepared through high-pressure homogenization according to other authors [37]. The lipid phase, constituted by LCT and 0.1% of curcumin, was homogenized with the aqueous phase (i.e., LEC, RHAM, or TWE at 2.5%) at room temperature and a volume ratio of 1:9. First, both solutions were pre-mixed using an Ultra-Turrax homogenizer (T18, Ika-Werke, Staufen, Germany) for 2 min and, thereafter, the resulting emulsion was passed through a high-pressure homogenizer (NanoDeBee, Bee International, South Easton, MA, USA) at 20,000 psi (137.9 MPa) for 20 cycles. The NEs were kept at 4 °C in the dark until particle characterization and in vitro digestion assays were performed.