2.9. Cytotoxicity

ImKCs were plated in filtered DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS in 12-well plates (2.5 × 10⁵ cells/mL) for 12 h. The medium was then replaced with fresh medium (without FBS) supplemented with saponin extract (Rh1 and Rg2) at a different concentration with or without LPS. The medium was incubated for 24 h at 37 °C and then collected for the required assays. PA cytotoxicity towards primary hepatocytes was assessed, as previously described [35].