Dihydroethidium (DHE) (Sigma-Aldrich) is oxidized by intracellular ROS to form ethidium, which in turn intercalates with DNA inside the nucleus, giving nuclear staining to ROS-positive cells. DHE staining was performed as described previously (Gu et al., 2006). Forty-eight hours post-transfection, cells were stained for 30 min, in dark, with a solution of 10 μM DHE (Sigma-Aldrich) at 37°C.
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