To investigate synovium tissue hypoxia, rats were injected with pimonidazole HCl (Hypoxyprobe™-1 Plus Kit, Burlington, MA, USA) at a dosage of 60 mg/kg for 45 min prior to sacrifice as previously described [4]. Subsequent immunofluorescence staining followed the kit instructions. The image was observed by inverted fluorescence microscope (Leica DMI3000B, Germany).
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