Before organoid treatment with H2O2 and exosomes, or when organoids had reached the desired culture duration for analysis, expansion medium was replaced with working fluids, which contained 2 μM calcein and 8 μM propidium iodide, in accordance with the instructions of the Live & Dead Viability/Cytotoxicity Assay Kit for Animal Cells (Keygen Biotech, Nanjing, China). Organoids were observed and imaged using a confocal laser scanning microscopy (Zeiss LSM710; Carl Zeiss AG, Jena, Germany).
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