The STAI-S was measured to rule out participants' situational state of anxiety (39). The Korean version of STAI was used (40). The STAI-S included 20 items rated on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 4 (very much). The total scores of the scale ranged from 20 to 80. Higher scores indicated more severe anxiety. Cronbach's α was 0.82.
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