The 9-item MSES measures participants’ self-efficacy for exercise participation. Three questions (all of which begin with the root phrase “How confident are you that you can…”) assess particular aspects of exercise behavior across three dimensions respectively: (a) task (e.g., follow directions to complete exercise), (b) coping (e.g., exercise when you lack energy), and (c) scheduling (e.g., include exercise in your daily routine). Participants rate their level of confidence to complete each item on a 100% confidence scale, ranging from 0 = not confident at all to 100 = completely confident. Studies [78] evaluating the MSES have assessed its reliability and validity to be good across each respective dimension (α = 0.83–0.91) and across time (α = > 0.78 at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks).
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