Assessments of Particle Size, Polydispersity Index (PdI) and Zeta Potential (ZP)

The mean globule size, polydispersity index (PdI), and zeta potential (ZP) analysis were conducted via NanoZS/ZEN3600 Zetasizer (Malvern Instruments, UK) using the photon correlation spectroscopy technique. The particle size was determined at a detection angle of 173° with the non-invasive backscattering technology. Prior to measurements, all samples were suitably diluted with distilled water to bypass the multi-scattering phenomena that resulted from a high concentration of particles.

For ZP assessments, a disposable folded capillary cell was loaded with 1 mL of each diluted LPS. The electrophoresis mobility was measured and converted into ZP values using ‘Dispersion Technology Software’ provided by the Malvern Zetasizer. Measurements were performed in triplicate at 25 ± 0.5 °C and data were recorded as mean ± SD.