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Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) (Davis 1980)

DR Daniele Romano
AM Angelo Maravita
MP Marco Perugini
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The Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) is a self-report questionnaire aimed at the explicit measurement of empathy. This tool was created to provide a multidimensional measure of empathy17. In the IRI participants had to complete 28 items via a Likert scale ranging from 0 ("Does not describe me well") to 4 ("Describes me very well"). The questionnaire is composed of four subscales of seven items each:

Fantasy scale (FA), which reflects the tendency to project oneself into imaginary situations through the imagination.

Perspective-taking (PT), which reflects the propensity to change perspective, to identify with another person adopting his/her viewpoint. PT refers to real-life events and everyday life and not fictitious situations.

Empathic concern (EC), which measures the degree to which a person feels the negative experiences of another person feeling. It refers to warmth, compassion, and concern about others' emotions.

Personal-distress (PD), which measures personal feelings of fear, worry, and discomfort in the face of negative experiences and misadventures that others are facing.

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