2.3. TEE, PAL Value, and BMR Calculation

Total energy expenditure (TEE) for physical activity was monitored using accelerometry-based wearable Actical^® devices (Respironics, mini mitter co. Inc., Bend, OR, USA). The volunteers wore the device on the wrist for 7 days continuously to record minute by minute energy expenditure [16]. BMR was calculated manually using the prediction equation for Indians [17]) (Supplementary Table S1). Further, physical activity level (PAL) was calculated by the division of total energy expenditure (TEE) by the basal metabolic rate (BMR) (PAL = TEE/BMR).