Other Measures

The SDQ is a 25-item self-assessment measure of psychosocial symptoms in children and adolescents (Goodman, 1997). Along the total score, an internalizing scale including emotional symptoms and peer problems, and an externalizing scale including conduct problems and hyperactivity can be formed. The SDQ has been widely used among adolescents, and its reliability and validity have been demonstrated to be good (Goodman, 2001; Muris et al., 2003). In this study, the SDQ was used as self-report at baseline to identify the type of symptoms (externalizing/internalizing), and the internal consistency (α) of the questionnaire was 0.78.

The TBK assesses patients’ control expectancies related to the psychotherapy process (Delsignore et al., 2006). The TBK includes 18 items forming the dimensions of internal and external control, and has shown good construct and concurrent validity upon development (Delsignore and Schnyder, 2007). The latter includes items related to therapist control and chance. To our knowledge, the questionnaire has so far been used only with adults, also including the Finnish translation (Pihlaja, 2013). In this study, the TBK was used to identify the patients’ locus of control at baseline. The internal consistency (α) for the dimension of the internal locus of control was 0.61, and for the external locus of control α was 0.74.