2.1. Demographic and Clinical Data

All patients with persistent or paroxysmal AF who underwent PVI with either cryoablation or radiofrequency catheter ablation and with retrospectively gated cardiac CT for procedure planning between January 2015 and December 2018 were included in this retrospective study. A positive ethics committee vote in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration was obtained (No. 415-E/2437/8-2019, Ethics Commission Salzburg; chairperson: Alexander Hönel). Baseline characteristics and clinical information were collected for each patient. The latest available follow-up examinations with 24-h Holter ECG were used to screen for recurrence of AF. The success of pulmonary vein isolation was defined as clinical freedom of symptomatic AF together with sinus rhythm on the available Holter ECG recordings during follow-up examinations.