2.2.3. Determination of the Osmotic Pressure

The osmotic pressure of the NaCl solution was predicted using two different methods. Firstly, the van ’t Hoff approach (π = iRTC, where R is the universal gas constant, T is the absolute temperature, and i is the van ’t Hoff factor) was used to calculate the osmotic pressure. In addition, the OLI software (OLI Stream Analyzer 2.0 software) [35] was also employed for a relative comparison. The approach uses the following curve-fit expression for the osmotic pressure, π = 5.94028C² + 37.4521C, based on the values produced by the OLI software. Here, C is the actual solute concentration in mol/L, and π is the osmotic pressure in bar, as given by the OLI software when C > 0.6 mol/L. For values of concentration below 0.6 M, values were linearly interpolated at intervals of 0.01 g/g using tabulated OLI data shown in Ref. [35].