2.3. Quality of Simulation Model

The evaluation of simulation quality was carried out by using different accuracy parameters: the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), the mean absolute error (MAE), and the root mean squared error (RMSE).

The MAPE is defined as follows (3):

The MAE was additionally applied (4):

The third selected accuracy parameter, the RMSE, is defined as follows (5):

In Equations (3)–(5), E denotes the number of observations, zts is the simulated value, and zt corresponds to the observed value.

For the present approach, the accuracy parameters are calculated using the R functions mape(), mae(), and rmse() from the R package metrics [30].