2.8. Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) Analysis

RNA was extracted from the gastrocnemius muscles (WT mice, Nogo-KO mice, mdx mice and DMD patients) and WT and Nogo-KO BMDM using TRIzol (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Gene expression was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) using SYBR Green with low ROX (Enzynomics, catalog no. RT500S). Relative quantification of the target gene was determined by normalizing expression to that of the housekeeping gene GAPDH, which served as a control. The primer sequences used in this study are listed in Table 1. qRT-PCR data were analyzed using a CFX Connect Real-Time System (Bio-Rad).

Primer sequences used in qRT-PCR.