Participants

Seventy-one healthy adults (39 males and 32 females) were initially recruited from Anhui Medical University. Eleven participants were disqualified because of personal reasons or a refusal to complete the scanning. Ultimately, 60 adults (34 males and 26 females) completed the experiments. Criteria for exclusion included a history of any psychiatric or neurologic illness (n = 1), seizure (n = 2), any serious medical conditions, current pregnancy, or refusal to participate in all the tests and MRI scans (n = 11, refused to undergo the neuropsychological assessment, MRI scans, or TMS stimulation). All participants were TMS naive. This study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Anhui Medical University. All participants provided informed written consent.