The anabolic and catabolic cytokines in the culture supernatants of the treated chondrocytes were determined using a relevant enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The levels of IL-1β (437004, ELISA MAX™ Deluxe Set Human IL-1β, BioLegend), IL-6 (88-7066, IL-6 Human Uncoated ELISA Kit, Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific), IL-8 (BMS204/3, IL-8 Human ELISA Kit, Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific), IL-10 (88-7106, Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific), TNF-α (88-7346, TNF alpha Human Uncoated ELISA Kit, Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific), MMP-3 (444807, LEGEND MAX™ Human Total MMP-3 ELISA Kit, BioLegend), MMP-9 (440707, LEGEND MAX™ Human MMP-9 ELISA Kit with precoated plates, BioLegend), TIMP-1 (DY970, Human TIMP-1 DuoSet ELISA, R&D, USA) and TIMP-2 (DY971, Human TIMP-2 DuoSet ELISA, R&D) were quantified.
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