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The calculation process of photothermal conversion efficiency

XJ Xiaoyuan Ji
LG Lanlan Ge
CL Chuang Liu
ZT Zhongmin Tang
YX Yufen Xiao
WC Wei Chen
ZL Zhouyue Lei
WG Wei Gao
SB Sara Blake
DD Diba De
BS Bingyang Shi
XZ Xiaobing Zeng
NK Na Kong
XZ Xingcai Zhang
WT Wei Tao
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The photothermal conversion efficiency of FCL-PEG NSs was calculated by the following formula.

Based on the total energy balance for this system:

T stands for the temperature of the solution. Cp stands for the heat capacity. m stands for the mass of the solvent.

QFCL NSs stands for the photothermal energy produced by FCL-PEG NSs:

Laser power was expressed by I, the absorbance of FCL-PEG NSs under 808 nm laser irradiation is expressed by A808, and the conversion efficiency is expressed by η.

The light absorption heat of water is expressed by Qs.

Thermal energy delivers to the environment is expressed by Qloss.

The temperature change is expressed by ΔT, the surface area of the container is expressed by A and the heat transfer coefficient is expressed by h.

At the maximum steady-state temperature, the heat output is equal to the heat input, which is:

The temperature change at the maximum steady-state temperature is expressed by ΔTmax. Based on formulas 2 and 4, the η can be calculated as follows:

To the value of hA, θ is used to represent the ratio of ΔT to ΔTmax:

Formula 7 was substituted into formula 2, and formula 2 was rearranged:

Shutting off the laser, QNSs + Qs = 0, so formula 8 turn into:

As shown below, formula 8 was integrated:

Thus, hA can be measured by experiment. η of FCL-PEG NSs can be obtained by substituted hA value into formula 6.

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