The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) (16, 17)

The PANSS is composed of seven items on the positive symptom scale, seven items of negative symptom scale and 16 items of general psychopathology. In this study, the positive symptom scale was used to assess whether the patients had psychotic symptoms and if so, these psychotic symptoms' severity. Data gathered from this assessment are applied to the PANSS ratings. Each of the 30 items is accompanied by a specific definition as well as detailed anchoring criteria for all seven rating points. These seven points represent increasing levels of psychopathology: 1-absent, 2-minimal, 3-mild, 4-moderate, 5-moderate severe, 6-severe, and 7-extreme.