Superimposing the segmentation masks onto the component image of all membrane markers, four mean intensity values were extracted for each cell. Afterwards, intensity values were normalized imposing Z-score transformation. For the definition of the different microglia cell types Phenograph [25], an unsupervised clustering method, was utilized. For Phenograph 100 nearest neighbours along with the default parameters were selected, in order to avoid overclustering due to the limited amount of markers. Subsequently, for each Phenograph identified cluster the variability of the single-cell marker expression values was examined (Additional file 1: Fig. S3) through a violin plot [26] indicating the variation in each cluster, in parallel with their expression patterns as illustrated in the composite images.
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