Antiplatelet and Anticoagulation Therapy

All patients received systemic heparinization, and the activated clotting was maintained at 2–3 times the baseline throughout the procedure.

A loading dose of clopidogrel (300 mg) and aspirin (300 mg) was administered rectally or orally when deciding to perform coiling with stent placement. Simultaneously, a loading dose (5 μg/kg for 3 min) of tirofiban was administered intravenously before deploying the stent and followed by a maintenance of 0.075 μg/kg/min for 6 h. In the post-operative period, all patients were continued on aspirin (100 mg/d) and clopidogrel (75 mg/d) post-operatively for 6 weeks; this was followed by aspirin alone, which was maintained indefinitely. For patients who experienced thrombus formation during the procedure, a combined intra-arterial and intravenous administration of tirofiban would be conducted, but the total dose would not exceed the dose recommended by the instruction.