(2) siRNA knockdown

We transiently transfected C3H10T1/2 cells with HSPA5 siRNA using Lipofectamine RNAiMAX (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) in Opti-MEM medium (Invitrogen), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The sequences of HSPA5 siRNA are as follows: Forward, 5’-AAGGUUACCCAUGCAGUUGTT-3’ and reverse, 5’-AGAUUCAGCAACUGGUUAAAGTT-3’. Universal Non-targeting Control siRNA was considered and used as the control for non-sequence-specific effects. The capability of siRNA knockdown was evaluated by Western blotting. Each experiment was performed in triplicates.