Xenograft studies

All protocols utilizing animals were reviewed and approved by the University of Michigan’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. NSG [NOD/SCID/IL2r-g (null)] mice were injected with 5 × 10⁶ A375 cells in 100 μl of matrigel as previously described [20]. After tumors were established mice were randomized by tumor size and allocated to treatment groups. Vehicle, G9 and/or vemurafenib were administered by intra peritoneal injection every day for vemurafenib at 25 mg/kg) and every other day for G9 at 15 mg/kg. Tumor volume was measured every other day and calculated with the following formula: volume = width (2) × [length × height/2]. Statistical analysis was performed with GraphPad Prism software. Treatment groups were reported as mean ± standard deviation. and compared using the unpaired Student’s t-test.