Ruminative Response Scale (RRS) (Treynor, Gonzalez, & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2003)

The RRS is a 22-item scale assessing rumination when respondents feel depressed, sad or discouraged. Items are rated on a 4-point scale (from 1 to 4). Two subscales have been identified, one related to Brooding (5 items) and one related to Reflection (5 items). The latter is not reported here because this aspect of rumination is more adaptive than brooding and less related to depression. Higher scores indicate higher brooding levels. We used the validated French version of the scale (Baeyens, Douilliez, & Philippot, n.d.). In the present sample, omega (ω) for the Brooding subscale was .78 (95 % CI [.75; .82]).