Occupational Stress Inventory-R–Occupational Role Questionnaire (ORQ; Osipow 1998)

The ORQ is a 60-item, 5-point (1 = rarely or never true; 5 = true most of the time) Likert-type self-report measure of occupational stress. Raw scores are converted to standardized T scores, with higher scores indicating greater levels of occupational stress. The ORQ includes six subscales, each with 10 items, that reflect different sources of occupational stress: (1) role overload, (2) role insufficiency, (3) role ambiguity, (4) role boundary, (5) responsibility, and (6) physical environment. Role overload reflects occupational stress resulting from unreasonable workload that exceeds resources available. Role insufficiency refers to when the source of occupational is due to a poor fit between one’s skills and their job. Role ambiguity describes occupational stress induced by lack of clarity in expectations related to one’s employment. Role boundary refers to stress resulting from conflicting supervisory demands and factions within one’s enterprise. The Responsibility subscale refers to stress resulting from substantial responsibility within one’s organization and experiencing pressure from being frequently relied on. Finally, physical environment refers to the conditions of the physical work setting itself, including exposure to noise, dust, and poisonous substances, and may also encompass an erratic work schedule or feeling isolated. The ORQ has demonstrated good construct validity and internal consistency (Spokane and Ferrara 2001), the latter of which was acceptable to good in the current study depending on the subscale (see Table ​Table1).1). Public safety norms were used in the current study for T-score conversion.

Descriptive statistics and Pearson product moment correlation matrix for occupational stress dimensions, anger, and resiliency scores, n = 201

ORQ Occupational Role Questionnaire, CD-RISC Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Anger DSM-5 Level 1 Cross-Cutting Anger subscale

**p < .01