Phenotypic Diversity

Phenotypic diversity is calculated using the Shannon–Weaver diversity index (H′) and Nei’s diversity index (Shannon and Weaver, 1962; Nei, 1973). The Shannon–Weaver diversity index (H′) is defined as

and Nei’s diversity index is defined as

where p_i is the proportion of accessions in the ith cluster to the total number of germplasms and S is the total number of clusters. The value of H′ reflects the degree of evenness of germplasms. The higher H′, the more evenness. H′∈[0,1]. The value of Nei’s diversity index is bounded between 0 and (1-1S), which really depends on the number of clusters.