2.2.3. Spatial Proximity

This study classified the Korean participants’ leisure activity spaces in the COVID-19 context into four zones, according to spatial proximity as proposed by Hall [38]. These were (i) “intimate space”, which is within the range of 45 cm between two persons, allowing for physical contact with outstretched arms and legs; (ii) “personal space”, which ranges between 50 cm and 120 cm, allowing for physical contact by mutual consent; (iii) “social space”, which ranges between 120 cm and 360 cm, a distance that does not allow physical contact, with the next person visible in full; and (iv) “public space”, beyond the range of 360 cm, a distance that does not allow personal interactions. The one-item questionnaire for spatial proximity was modified and complemented to suit the purpose of this study, and was rated on a five-point Likert scale.