Pseudo-ternary phase diagram

The concentration of each component of the system that produced clear emulsions under mild stirring at room temperature (25 °C) was then determined using water titration method²⁶. Three mixtures of surfactant/co-solvent (S/coS) were prepared in 3 ratios: A-mix (1/1), B-mix (2/1), and C-mix (1/2), then each mixture was mixed with the oil phase in 9 ratios (9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, 4:6, 3:7, 2:8, 1:9). Water was added drop-wise under mild agitation by a magnetic stirrer for 15 min. The resulted mixtures were inspected visually for the formation of a clear/translucent emulsion that is associated with the formation of microemulsions²⁶. The ratios that produced optically clear emulsions were plotted on a pseudo-ternary phase diagram using Tri-plot v1-2–4. No attempt was made to evaluate other phases when a white emulsion or gel-like phase was formed.