2.4. Lifestyle questionnaire

A questionnaire that was designed for obesity care in Seoul Happiness Clinic of Internal Medicine were completed by every patient at their first visit. Participants were asked whether they smoked or drank alcohol and how much coffee they drank each day. They were also asked if their daily water intake was over 1 L and whether they preferred soft drinks. Questions regarding body image concerns were also asked. To understand the patient's eating habits, the questionnaire included questions about their preference for fast food and greasy food, frequency of eating breakfast, eating outside the home, and watching television while eating. The levels of bulimia, impulsive eating, restrained eating, and emotional eating, and number of obese family members were assessed. Aside from the questions with yes or no answers, the questionnaire response options were divided into “strongly disagree, somewhat disagree, somewhat agree, and strongly agree.” The questionnaire responses, “strongly disagree, somewhat disagree, somewhat agree, strongly agree,” were assigned values of 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, and the data were analyzed by calculating the total sum of the question responses; the population was then divided into 4 groups, “low, medium, high, very high,” according to quartiles of the sum. The questionnaire is described in detail in S1.