Settlement eligibility and selection criteria

Data gathered on potential sites characterised local water supplies, sanitation systems and flooding events and risk. Inspections were conducted at potential sites to confirm feasibility and accessibility. Site locations and sizes were informed by the UN-Habitat informal settlement selection approach.⁴⁷ Key inclusion criteria for settlements consisted of location in urban areas of Makassar and Suva, suitability for delivering the planned intervention, and community receptiveness and commitment to study participation. Final selection criteria consisted of settlement size, environmental and construction-related factors (table 1). The key individual inclusion criterion is residence in a settlement enrolled in the trial.

Selection criteria for informal settlements

30–100 houses, ideally all in one consolidated group

Physically separated from other settlements with clear physical boundaries

No conditions calling for future permanent relocation (ie, landslide risk)

Representing the most vulnerable populations of the city

Location in vulnerable areas with presumed high risk of water-borne disease

Presence of at least 5–10 children under 5 years