2.3.1. Dating Violence. Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory (CADRI)

This scale, developed by Wolfe et al. [61], was designed to assess “multiple forms of abusive behavior that may occur between adolescent dating partners” [4]. The original scale consists of 25 items. Responders rate how often they have had arguments or conflicts with their couples over the last 12 months, on a 4-point scale ranging from 1 (never) to 4 (often). The scale has a structure of five factors, representing five different types of abuse—physical, sexual, threatening, relational, and emotional or verbal. However, the Spanish validation developed by Fernández-Fuertes et al. [4], showed that only three factors maintained optimal reliability: emotional violence, with 10 items (r = 0.79); physical violence, with four items (r = 0.76) and relational violence, with only three items (r = 0.73). In the present study, we used the subscales of emotional violence (e.g., “I blamed her for the problem,” “I spoke to her in a hostile or mean tone of voice”) and physical violence (e.g., “I pushed, shoved, or shook her”), which showed optimal reliability in our data (between 0.70 and 0.80 for both boys and girls).