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We formulated the study’s eligibility criteria using the PICOS (participants, interventions, comparison, outcomes, and study designs) description model44:

Participants

Patients with T2DM

Man or woman of any age

Who was taking a combination therapy of metformin-sulfonylurea or metformin-SGLT2Is

Intervention

A combination of metformin with any of the SGLT2Is, which could be dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, empagliflozin, or ertugliflozin.

Comparator

A combination of metformin with any of sulfonylureas compounds, which could be gliclazide, glipizide, glyburide, glibenclamide, or glimepiride.

Outcomes

Primary endpoints

All-cause mortality

Serious adverse events (SAEs).

Secondary endpoints

Cardiovascular mortality

Non-fatal myocardial infarction

Non-fatal stroke

Hypoglycemia

Changes in HbA1c

Change in body weight,

Changes in fasting plasma glucose (FPG)

Changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP

Changes in diastolic blood pressure (DBP)

Changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)

Changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)

Study design

RCTs

At least one-year duration of follow-up

Published in English language

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