Cytokine levels in the serum samples were detected by a BD LSR Fortessa cytometer (Becton Dickinson Holdings Pte Ltd, Singapore) using a commercially available BD™ Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) Mouse Inflammation Kit (BD Biosciences, USA) following the manufacturer’s instructions [12]. In brief, cytokine standards were prepared using a vial of lyophilized mouse inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), TNF-α, and IL-12p70, and assay diluent by serial dilutions. Capture beads were added to each tube containing samples, standards, and negative controls and incubated for 30 min at room temperature in the absence of light. The flow cytometer was calibrated using cytometer setup beads, and the assay was performed.
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