Eligible participants were current medical students (1st - 4th year also known as “M1-M4”) at the participating institution. Inclusion criteria for participants included students in either the MD or MD/PhD programs actively enrolled in coursework and/or clinical rotations. Exclusion criteria included MD/PhD students in the research portion of their program. There were no power calculations used to determine sample size. We attempted to enroll > 200 eligible participants who represented the target population. Following informed consent, the authors administered a 10–15 min online survey via Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap), which is a secure web-based data collection application. Participation was voluntary and responses were kept anonymous. Secure invitations were sent via an encrypted email service, and survey participants were notified that taking part in the survey would have no bearing on academic standing whatsoever.
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