Time-calibrated analysis

The time-calibrated analysis was constructed in BEAST v.1.8.2 (Drummond et al., 2012), including all sequences available, and an uncorrelated relaxed clock model with a lognormal distribution (Drummond et al., 2006). Bayesian Inference was performed with 50 million generations with a sampling frequency of 1000. The values of parameters of the analysis, convergence of the MCMC chains, sample size, and the stationary phase of chains were evaluated using Tracer 1.6 (Rambaut et al., 2014). The same Birth and Death Incomplete Sampling speciation process was selected for the tree prior (Stadler, 2009). Since no fossil procatopodids are currently known three relevant calibration points based on the age estimates from Bragança & Costa (2019) were selected. These secondary calibrations correspond to (1) the Procatopodidae basal node (prior setting: normal distribution, mean = 30.1, standard deviation = 1.3); (2) the node representing the split between the A. spilauchen clade and ‘Poropanchax’ normani (prior setting: normal distribution, mean = 23.1, standard deviation = 1.5); and (3) the node representing Plataplochilus diversification (prior setting: normal distribution, mean = 3.2, standard deviation = 0.9). A normal distribution prior was selected for the secondary calibration points as recommended by Ho (2007) and Ho & Phillips (2009). At the end of the analysis, a burn-in of 25% of the retained trees was performed in TreeAnnotator.