Quality control and ethics

The proposal was submitted and approved by the Faculty of Medicine Research Ethics Committee and the Mbarara University Institutional Review Board. The parents or guardians provided consent for their children to participate in the study and where older children were involved, assent was sought. All children with ADFB received the expected standard of care and it was made clear to the parents and guardians that refusal to participate in the study would not in any way interfere with the clinical management they were entitled to. Clinical examinations were carried out by the principle investigator who was also present in theatre for all bronchoscopy and esophagoscopy procedures. Radiological films, when available, were reviewed by the hospital radiologist to provide advice on management approach.